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Heterogeneous reaction mechanism of gaseous HNO

Nan ZHAO,Qingzhu ZHANG,Wenxing WANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0836-z

摘要： We studied the heterogeneous reaction mechanism of gaseous HNO with solid NaCl. HCl is released from heterogeneous reactions between gaseous HNO and solid NaCl. Water molecules induce surface reconstruction of NaCl to facilitate the reaction. Sea salt particles containing NaCl are among the most abundant particulate masses in coastal atmosphere. Reactions involving sea salt particles potentially generate Cl radicals, which are released into coastal atmosphere. Cl radicals play an important role in the nitrogen and O cycles, sulfur chemistry and particle formation in the troposphere of the polluted coastal regions. This paper aimed at the heterogeneous reaction between gaseous HNO and solid NaCl. The mechanism was investigated by density functional theory (DFT). The results imply that water molecules induce the surface reconstruction, which is essential for the heterogeneous reaction. The surface reconstruction on the defective (710) surface has a barrier of 10.24 kcal·mol and is endothermic by 9.69 kcal·mol , whereas the reconstruction on the clean (100) surface has a barrier of 18.46 kcal·mol and is endothermic by 12.96 kcal·mol . The surface reconstruction involved in water-adsorbed (710) surface is more energetically favorable. In comparison, water molecules adsorbed on NaCl (100) surface likely undergo water diffusion or desorption. Further, it reveals that the coordination number of the Cl is reduced after the surface reconstruction, which assists Cl to accept the proton from HNO . HCl is released from heterogeneous reactions between gaseous HNO and solid NaCl and can react with OH free radicals to produce atomic Cl radicals. The results will offer further insights into the impact of gaseous HNO on the air quality of the coastal areas.

关键词： Seasalt particles     NaCl     HNO3     Heterogeneous reaction     Reaction mechanism     Density functional theory    

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Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第4期   页码 506-510 doi: 10.1007/s11708-013-0275-5

摘要： The collision frequency function for aerosol particles has already been calculated for the free molecule regime and for the continuum range. The present work, taking into account the influence of internal force fields such as magnetic force, electric force and molecular forces, created by particles themselves, recalculated the collision frequency in the case of particles much smaller than the mean free path of the gas (free molecule regime). Attractive forces increase naturally the collision frequency, while repulsive forces decrease it. The calculation was performed for all types of central forces deriving from a potential, including Coulomb forces and Van der Waals forces.

关键词： aerosol particles     collision frequency function     coagulation    

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Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes: a brief overview

Zhen-liang XU, Li-yun YU, Ling-feng HAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 318-329 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0199-0

摘要： Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes present an interesting approach for improving the physical and chemical, as well as separation properties of polymer membranes, because they possess characteristics of both organic and inorganic membranes such as good permeability, selectivity, mechanical strength, thermal stability and so on. The preparations and structures of polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes and their unique properties are reviewed.

关键词： polymer     nanoinorganic particles     composite membranes    

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Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1361-7

摘要：

• Bacteria could easily and quickly attached onto TEP to form protobiofilms.

关键词： Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)     TEP-protobiofilm     Bacteria attachment     Biofouling of membrane    

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Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

《能源前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第2期   页码 246-251 doi: 10.1007/s11708-009-0077-y

摘要： The dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles at the very beginning of their fall into coolant pools are presented. The falling course of a single droplet or a single hot particle was recorded by a high-speed camera and a curve of velocity . time was obtained. Emphasis was placed on the effects of the droplet’s size and temperature, the coolant’s temperature and properties, and the droplet’s physical properties on the moving behavior. The results for the all cases showed that the velocity of a falling droplet/particle decreased rapidly but rebounded shortly, at the beginning of droplet/particle falling in the coolant. Following such a V-shaped evolution in velocity, the droplet/particle slows down gradually to a comparatively steady velocity. An increase in either coolant temperature or droplet temperature results in a larger velocity variation in the “J-region”, but a smaller deceleration when it moves out of the “J-region”. The elevated volatility of a coolant leads to a steeper deceleration in the “J-region” and beyond. The bigger size of a particle leads to a greater velocity variation in the “J-region” and terminal velocity. A high melting point and thermal conductivity as well as lower heat capacity contribute to dramatic variation in the “J-region” and low terminal velocity.

关键词： dynamic characteristics     molten droplets     high-temperature particles     fuel and coolant interactions    

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Selective removal of phenol by spherical particles of

Qingchuan CHEN, Yicun WEN, Yu CANG, Li LI, Xuhong GUO, Rui ZHANG

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第2期   页码 162-169 doi: 10.1007/s11705-013-1318-5

摘要： Spherical particles of -, - and -cyclodextrin (CD) polymers to efficiently remove phenol from waste water were prepared by reverse suspension polymerization with epichlorohydrin as crosslinker in liquid paraffin. By controlling the amounts of crosslinker and water, well-defined spherical polymer particles with controllable size were obtained. Due to the selective inclusion associations between CD groups and phenol, these CD spherical polymer particles were demonstrated to be ideal candidates for removal of phenol. Among them -CD polymer particles showed the best performance. The kinetics and isothermal equilibrium models were used to fit the experimental data of phenol removal from aqueous solution using these CD polymer particles. It was found that the kinetics followed the Ho and Mckay equation, suggesting that the adsorption process of phenol was controlled by diffusion and the host-guest interaction between CD and phenol. Equilibrium isothermal data can be well fitted by the Freundlich equation. The negative free energy change indicated the spontaneous nature of adsorption of phenol by -, - and -CD spherical polymer particles, while the lowest free energy for -CD polymer reflected its best adsorption ability, compared to - and -CD polymer particles.

关键词： cyclodextrin polymer particles     phenol     kinetic models     adsorption isotherm equilibrium models    

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Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0861-y

摘要： Four types of S-rich particles are identified by SEM/FESEM-EDX With on-line observation, characteristics of S-rich particles are discovered Intensities of formation of S-rich particles are seasonally different Direct individual analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy combined with online observation was conducted to examine the S-rich particles in PM of two typical polluted haze episodes in summer and winter from 2014 to 2015 in Beijing. Four major types of S-rich particles, including secondary CaSO particles (mainly observed in summer), S-rich mineral particles (SRM), S-rich water droplets (SRW) and (C, O, S)-rich particles (COS) were identified. We found the different typical morphologies and element distributions of S-rich particles and considered that (C, O, S)-rich particles had two major mixing states in different seasons. On the basis of the S-rich particles’ relative abundances, S concentrations and their relationships with PM as well as the seasonal comparison, we revealed that the S-participated formation degrees of SRM and SRW would enhance with increasing PM concentration. Moreover, C-rich matter and sulfate had seasonally different but significant impacts on the formation of COS.

关键词： S-rich particles     Morphology     Element distribution     Mixing state    

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Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 141-148 doi: 10.1007/s11705-014-1423-0

摘要： Venting is the common safety measure to protect plant equipment against excessive overpressure. So far, scenarios in which particles were part of the system and should have been accounted for did ignore their presence; the scenarios were treated like a two-phase system. Current research shows that particles can have a major influence on the venting behaviour. Experimental results indicate that particles affect level swell and relief flow especially of foamy systems. Based on those results four different layers of influence of the particle have been identified and are presented in a first model. Based on this model recommendations for the development of new and more complex models are given.

关键词： venting     multi-phase    

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Hygroscopicity of ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou, China

Jiachen ZHANG, Lin WANG, Jianmin CHEN, Shengmao FENG, Jiandong SHEN, Li JIAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第3期   页码 342-347 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0358-7

摘要： In this study, hygroscopicity of size-segregated ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou was studied from 28th December 2009 to 18th January 2010, using a hygroscopicity-tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA). The submicron particles in Hangzhou showed a minor hygroscopic growth at 73% relative humidity (RH), and then grew significantly between 77% and 82% RH. Monomodal distribution accounted for 90% for 30 nm particles, 17% for 50 nm particles, and less than 7% for particles larger than 50 nm at 82% RH. Deconvolution of the bimodal distribution indicated a less hygroscopic group and a more hygroscopic group, with the fraction of the more hygroscopic group increasing with the initial dry particle size and then remaining almost constant for accumulation mode particles. Our results imply that submicron particles in urban Hangzhou were almost entirely externally mixed, and the hygroscopic properties of ambient particles in urban Hangzhou were mainly a function of their size and chemical composition.

关键词： hygroscopicity     hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyzer (H-TDMA)     submicron ambient particles     Hangzhou    

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Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1692-2

摘要：

● Increased DAAO offsets 3/4 of the decrease of DAAP in 2013–2020.

关键词： Excess deaths     Long-term exposure     Fine particle     Ozone    

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Effects of seed particles Al

Xiao Zhang, Biwu Chu, Junhua Li, Chaozhi Zhang

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0936-4

摘要： Seed particles Al O , Al (SO ) and H SO were selected to investigate their effects on secondary aerosol (SA) formation in toluene/NO photooxidation under sulfur dioxide (SO ) and ammonia (NH ). Effect of seed particles on SA formation was related to their acid-base properties and the presence of acid or alkaline gases. Under NH -poor condition, SA formation increased with increasing SO concentration due to the acid-catalyzing effect of the oxidation products of SO (i.e. H SO ). The enhancing effect of SO became unobvious under NH -rich condition, because NH would eliminate the acid-catalyzing effect by neutralizing the acid products. Acidic seeds H SO accelerated SA formation under either SO or NH condition. Weak acidic Al (SO ) seeds didn’t affect obviously on SA formation. The inhibiting effect of amphoteric seeds Al O on SA formation was related to the presence of SO / NH due to their acid-base property. Under NH -poor condition, the inhibiting effect of Al O on SA formation decreased with increasing concentration of SO , while under NH -rich condition, the inhibiting effect wasn’t remarkable.

关键词： Seed particle     Secondary aerosol     Sulfur dioxide     Ammonia     Acid-catalyzing effect    

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Adsorption properties of polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer on cement particles and their resultant

Jinyoung YOON; Byoung Il CHOI; Jae Hong KIM

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第4期   页码 506-514 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0813-5

摘要： The cement dispersion performance of a polycarboxylate (PCE)-based superplasticizer is highly related to their adsorption behaviors as a function of time. This study evaluated effects of PCEs on rheological properties of cementitious materials. First, characteristics of PCEs were characterized via permeation chromatography (GPC) and Fourier-transform infrared spectrometry (FT-IR). The adsorption behavior of single and blended PCEs on cementitious composites was identified using total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). Based on the measurement of PCE adsorption, the changes of rheological properties of cementitious materials as well as the number of dispersed cement particles were characterized using a rheometer and laser spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results support the systematic mechanism of PCE adsorption, cement dispersion, and the decrease in viscosity of cementitious materials.

关键词： adsorption     polycarboxylate     superplasticizer     rheology     dispersion    

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Synthesis of crystals and particles by crystallization and polymerization in droplet-based microfluidic

Jingtao WANG, Jin ZHANG, Junjie HAN,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第1期   页码 26-36 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0292-4

摘要： The recent advances in crystallization and polymerization assisted by droplet-based microfluidics to synthesize micro-particles and micro-crystals are reviewed in this paper. Droplet-based microfluidic devices are powerful tools to execute some precise controls and operations on the flow inside microchannels by adjusting fluid dynamics parameters to produce monodisperse emulsions or multiple-emulsions of various materials. Major features of this technique are producing particles of monodispersity to control the shape of particles in a new level, and to generate droplets of diverse materials including aqueous solutions, gels and polymers. Numerous microfluidic devices have been employed to generate monodisperse droplets of range from nm to μm, such as T junctions, flow-focusing devices and co-flow or cross-flow capillaries. These discrete, independently controllable droplets are ideal microreactors to be manipulated in the channels to synthesize the nanocrystals, protein crystals, polymer particles and microcapsules. The generated monodisperse particles or crystals are to meet different technical demands in many fields, such as crystal engineering, encapsulation and drug delivery systems. Microfluidic devices are promising tools in the synthesis of micron polymer particles that have diverse applications such as the photonic materials, ion-exchange and chromatography columns, and field-responsive rheological fluids. Processes assisted by microfluidic devices are able to produce the polymer particles (including Janus particles) with precise control over their sizes, size distribution, morphology and compositions. The technology of microfluidics has also been employed to generate core-shell microcapsules and solid microgels with precise controlled sizes and inner structures. The chosen “smart” materials are sensitive to an external stimulus such as the change of the pH, electric field and temperature. These complex particles are also able to be functionalized by encapsulating nanoparticles of special functions and by attaching some special groups like targeting ligands. The nucleation kinetics of some crystals like KNO was investigated in different microfluidic devices. Because of the elimination of the interactions among crystallites in bulk systems, using independent droplets may help to measure the nucleation rate more accurately. In structural biology, the droplets produced in microfluidic devices provide ideal platforms for protein crystallization on the nanoliter scale. Therefore, they become one of the promising tools to screen the optimal conditions of protein crystallization.

关键词： core-shell     monodisperse     nucleation     Microfluidic     different technical    

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Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第2期   页码 415-426 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1725-8

摘要： Catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles was carried out using a self-made laboratory reactor to determine the intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion under varying pressures (0.1–0.5 MPa) and superficial gas flow velocities (GFVs) of 13.8–68.8 cm?s . In order to estimate the gas release rate at a low GFV, the transported effect of effluent gas on the temporal gasification rate pattern was simulated by the Fluent computation and verified experimentally. The external mass transfer coefficients ( ) and the effectiveness factors were determined at lower GFVs, based on the intrinsic gasification rate obtained at a high GFV of 55.0 cm?s . The was found to be almost invariable in a wider carbon conversion of 0.2–0.7. The variations of at a median carbon conversion with GFV, temperature and pressure were found to follow a modified Chilton-Colburn correlation: (0.04< <0.19), where is total pressure and is atmospheric pressure. An intrinsic kinetics/external diffusion integrating model could well describe the gasification rate as a function of GFV, temperature and pressure over a whole gasification process.

关键词： coal char     catalytic steam gasification     pressure     kinetics     diffusion    

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Synthesis of nanofluids composed of deep eutectic solvents and metal-modified MCM-41 particles as multifunctional

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第11期   页码 1776-1787 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2314-z

摘要： Compared with traditional hydrodesulfurization, new nonhydrodesulfurization methods have the advantage of a high removal efficiency for thiophene compounds under mild conditions. However, independent nonhydrodesulfurization technologies are faced with their own shortcomings, such as limitations of the desulfurization performance and regeneration of materials. To overcome these limitations, four nanofluids were prepared by dispersing different metal-modified MCM-41 particles in deep eutectic solvent as multifunctional promoters to develop a comprehensive desulfurization method. Based on the excellent adsorbability and high catalytic activity of the dispersed particles and the outstanding extractability of deep eutectic solvent in nanofluids, a high sulfur removal of 99.33% was achieved for model oil under mild conditions in 15 min. The nanofluids also showed excellent reusability due to their high structural stability. In addition, NF@Cu/Al-MCM-41-2.5% exhibited the best desulfurization performance among the prepared nanofluids. This result was obtained because the introduction of Al ions increased the number of acid sites and defect sites to improve the catalytic activity and adsorbability, and the best affinity of Cu/Al-MCM-41 for the deep eutectic solvent favored the reaction mass transfer. This work opens the door to the development of a comprehensive nonhydrodesulfurization method based on the design of nanofluid materials.

关键词： fuel oil desulfurization     nanofluids     catalytic ozonation    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Heterogeneous reaction mechanism of gaseous HNO

Nan ZHAO,Qingzhu ZHANG,Wenxing WANG

期刊论文

Calculation of collision frequency function for aerosol particles in free molecule regime in presence

Xiaowei LUO, Yannick BENICHOU, Suyuan YU

期刊论文

Polymer-nanoinorganic particles composite membranes: a brief overview

Zhen-liang XU, Li-yun YU, Ling-feng HAN

期刊论文

Transparent exopolymer particles (TEPs)-associated protobiofilm: A neglected contributor to biofouling

期刊论文

Dynamic characteristics of molten droplets and hot particles falling in liquid pool

Liangxing LI, Weimin MA, Huixiong LI, Tingkuan CHEN,

期刊论文

Selective removal of phenol by spherical particles of

Qingchuan CHEN, Yicun WEN, Yu CANG, Li LI, Xuhong GUO, Rui ZHANG

期刊论文

Characteristics and mixing state of S-rich particles in haze episodes in Beijing

Jun Hu, Fengkui Duan, Kebin He, Yongliang Ma, Shuping Dong, Xiande Liu

期刊论文

Fundamental influences of particles on stirred and unstirred venting processes of foaming systems

Henrik LEIMEISTER,Jörg STEINBACH

期刊论文

Hygroscopicity of ambient submicron particles in urban Hangzhou, China

Jiachen ZHANG, Lin WANG, Jianmin CHEN, Shengmao FENG, Jiandong SHEN, Li JIAO

期刊论文

Collaborative control of fine particles and ozone required in China for health benefit

期刊论文

Effects of seed particles Al

Xiao Zhang, Biwu Chu, Junhua Li, Chaozhi Zhang

期刊论文

Adsorption properties of polycarboxylate ether-based superplasticizer on cement particles and their resultant

Jinyoung YOON; Byoung Il CHOI; Jae Hong KIM

期刊论文

Synthesis of crystals and particles by crystallization and polymerization in droplet-based microfluidic

Jingtao WANG, Jin ZHANG, Junjie HAN,

期刊论文

Intrinsic kinetics and external diffusion of catalytic steam gasification of fine coal char particles

Xuantao Wu, Jie Wang

期刊论文

Synthesis of nanofluids composed of deep eutectic solvents and metal-modified MCM-41 particles as multifunctional

期刊论文